Antibodies against VDAC1, Cytc, Hsp60, Parkin, PINK1, p62, p70s6k, P-p70s6k, and LC3 I/II were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, US); antibody to β-actin and all secondary antibodies were obtained from Proteintech (Wuhan, Hubei, China). The specific assay procedures were as previously described27 (link).
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