Immunofluorescence images were acquired at room temperature using ZEN 2011 software (Zeiss) on an LSM780 microscope (Zeiss) equipped with a GaAsP detector and 25×/0.8 Plan Apochromat or 40×/1.4 enhanced chemiluminescence Plan Apochromat oil differential interference contrast or 40×/1.3 enhanced chemiluminescence Plan-Neofluar oil differential interference contrast objectives (Zeiss).
In vitro live imaging of cultured cells was performed using an UltraView Vox spinning-disk confocal system (PerkinElmer) installed on an AxioObserver Z1 microscope (Zeiss). Images were recorded with an Hamamatsu electron-multiplying charge-coupled device 9100-13 camera using 40×/1.3 enhanced chemiluminescence Plan Neofluar lens (Zeiss). Acquisition of video sequences was done with the Volocity 3D image software (PerkinElmer). Multiple positions were acquired simultaneously. At each position, z stacks were captured every 3 min. Collected images were deconvolved using Huygens deconvolution suite (SVI). Nuclei volumes and cell cycle times were automatically analyzed using Definiens as described previously (Homem et al., 2013 (link), 2014 (link)).