We enrolled 16 individuals with ASD aged 2 to 7 years from the Chunguang Rehabilitation hospital in Jilin Province, after cases with fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities, or any neurological or psychiatric disorders were excluded. The individuals with ASD were diagnosed by Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation doctors using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) [32 ]. All the individuals with ASD were northeast Han Chinese.
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