This assay of outside/in leak is described in depth by Veazey et al.18 (link) Briefly here, C57/B6 mice were administered 10 μg poly(I:C) (InVivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA) on days 0–2 to induce inflammation. On day 3, 0.2 mg of 4 kDa FITC–dextran (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was administered by oropharyngeal aspiration and mice were killed 1 h after 4 kDa FITC–dextran administration. BALF was collected as described earlier. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture and serum analyzed for FITC–dextran levels with a plate reader (Beckman Coulter DTX 880 Multimode Plate Reader).