Cell Viability Assay with CCK-8 Kit

Cells were seeded into 96-well plates (1 × 10³ cells/well) for 1-5 days. Specifically, the cells were treated for 12, 24, 48, and 96 h, whereupon 10 μL of CCK-8 solution was supplemented into each well of the plate for 1 h of incubation. The optical density (OD) values were tested at 450 nm at the designated time intervals using a microplate reader. Cell viability was assessed with the help of CCK-8 kits (K1018, Apexbio) with the formula of cell viability = (OD values_{sample group} − OD values_{blank group})/(OD values_{untreated group} − OD values_{blank group}) [25 (link), 26 (link)]. The blank group was indicative of the OD value of the CCK-8 working buffer without cells.