Nine representative cases of kidney allograft biopsies of PVAN (n=3), TCMR (n=3) and STA (n=3) were stained for 2 over-expressed transcripts in PVAN kidney biopsies. To determine the extent of renal damage and classify them into the 3 different phenotypes (PVAN, TCMR and STA), all renal biopsies were analyzed by 2 blinded pathologists. The biopsies were probed with rabbit polyclonal to Lactoferrin (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), rabbit polyclonal to IFN-inducible transmembrane 1 (IFITM-1) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and SV40 (Becton Dickinson, Madrid, Spain). Immune staining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues was performed as described previously 18 (link)-20 (link). As positive controls for LTF, IFITM1 and SV40 human tonsil, liver carcinoma and kidney allograft paraffin-embedded tissues were used as positive controls, respectively. To quantify LTF and IFITM1 expression a semi quantitative score from 0 to 3 in the different compartments of the kidney (glomeruli, vessels, tubuli and interstitium) was used.