Individuals who met the following criteria were enrolled.
The inclusion criteria were: (1) ≥ 18 years old; (2) pregnant, ≤ 28 gestational weeks; (3) 1–5 untreated carious teeth. (4) did not receive dental cleaning in the past 5 months. (5) < 4 mm periodontal pocket depth for all teeth.
The exclusion criteria were: (1) decisional impairment; (2) received oral and/or systemic antifungal therapy within 90 days of the baseline study visit; (3) required premedication before dental treatment; (4) > 8 missing teeth, except third molars and orthodontically extracted teeth; (5) removable dental prosthesis; (6) orofacial deformity (e.g., cleft lip/palate); (7) had severe systemic diseases (e.g., HIV).
The inclusion criteria were: (1) ≥ 18 years old; (2) pregnant, ≤ 28 gestational weeks; (3) 1–5 untreated carious teeth. (4) did not receive dental cleaning in the past 5 months. (5) < 4 mm periodontal pocket depth for all teeth.
The exclusion criteria were: (1) decisional impairment; (2) received oral and/or systemic antifungal therapy within 90 days of the baseline study visit; (3) required premedication before dental treatment; (4) > 8 missing teeth, except third molars and orthodontically extracted teeth; (5) removable dental prosthesis; (6) orofacial deformity (e.g., cleft lip/palate); (7) had severe systemic diseases (e.g., HIV).
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