hESC lines H1 and H9 were obtained from WiCell Research Institute. iPS-MSC25 (link) (derived from human mesenchymal stem cells) and iPS-Fib225 (link) (derived from human dermal fibroblasts) were a kind gift from George Q. Daley at Children’s Hospital Boston. Essential 8 medium (E8)5 (link), 0.5 mM EDTA, Accutase, ProLong® Antifade reagents, LIVE/DEAD® Cell Viability staining kit, Click-iT® EdU Alexa Fluor® 594 Imaging Kit and Alkaline Phosphatase Live Stain kit were obtained from Life Technologies. Small molecules Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor, or RI), SB431542, and LDN193189 were from Selleckchem. Matrigel was obtained from BD Biosciences. PNIPAAm-PEG polymer (Mebiol Gel) was from Cosmo Bio, USA. SCID Beige mice were from Charles River Laboratory. Finally, the following antibodies and dilutions were used: Oct4 and Nanog (Santa Cruz Biotech, 1:100); FOXA2 or HNF3β (Santa Cruz Biotech, 1:200); Nestin (Millipore, 1:200); αSMA (Abcom, 1:200).