For PFGE, bacterial DNA was digested with XbaI (Fermentas, Milan, Italy) according to PulseNet protocol using conditions of pulse times from 5 to 40 sec over 24 hrs at 6.0V/cm and at 14°C.31 (link) Pulsotypes were analyzed through BioNumerics software (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium), and dendrograms were generated using Dice coefficient and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA).9 (link) The similarity band patterns interpretation was performed according to Tenover criteria,24 (link),32 (link) setting 85% and 95% similarity cut-off for identifying similar restriction patterns and clusters, respectively. A validated MLST scheme was used,33 (link) and PCR products were sequenced by Sanger method (Eurofins Genomics) to identify allelic profiles and assign the Sequence Type (ST). The allelic combination was analysed on Pasteur platform (http://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/perl/bigsdb/bigsdb.pl?db=pubmlst_klebsiella_seqdef_public).