The hydrophilic metabolites from the cells were extracted by modifying a previously described (Kim et al. 2017 (link)). The sample was transferred into auto-sampler vials and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, a GCMS-QP2010 Ultra system, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). GC-MS analysis was performed as previously described (Song et al. 2021 (link)). Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out using SAS software 9.4 (SAS Institute, San Diego, CA, USA) and then visualized with Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) using Multi-Experiment Viewer version 4.9.0 (MeV; https://webmev.tm4.org).
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