All analyses were performed at the CBCD laboratory, KSU, Riyadh, KSA. Lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were measured by the chemical analyzer (Konelab, Espoo, Finland). Serum 25(OH)D was measured with a Roche Elecsys modular analytics Cobas e411 using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). CBCD laboratory is participating in the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) and quality assurance standards are according to ISO-17025. Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), sclerostin (SOST) and all the other biochemical parameters were measured by following the protocol and instructions mentioned in our previous paper [23 (link)].
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