Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling

Susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion assay on Mueller–Hinton agar/1% NaCl [14 (link),27 (link)]. The following antibiotics (Oxoid, UK) were tested against all identified bacteria: amikacin (AK, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 10 μg), tetracycline (TET, 10 μg), ertapenem (ETP, 10 μg), fosfomycin (FOS, 200 μg), norfloxacine (NOR, 10 μg), linezolid (LZD, 30 μg), nitrofurantoin (F, 100 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NA, 30 μg), moxifloxacin (MXF, 30 μg), meropenem (MEM, 10 μg), ticarcillin (TIC, 75 μg), piperacillin + tazobactam (PPT, 75/10 μg), cefotaxime (CTX, 30 μg), tigecycline (TGC, 15 μg), pristinamycin (PTN, 15 μg), rifampicin (RAM, 30 μg), erythromycin (E, 15 μg), chloramphenicol (C, 30 μg), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (AUG, 30 μg), temocillin (TMO, 30 μg), tobramycin (TOB, 10 μg), sulphamethoxazle + trimethoprim (SXT, 25 μg), ceftazidime (CZD, 30 μg), ceftaroline (CPN, 5 μg), colistin (CST 50 μg), netilmicin (NET, 30 μg), and teicoplanin (TEC, 30 μg). After incubation at 37 °C for 18 to 24 h, the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured using a 1 mm flat rule. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolate was interpreted as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M45 and (CLSI) M100 guidelines Institute [28 ,29 ]. Two mathematic indices were used to interpret the results obtained: (i) the antibiotic resistance index (ARI) of each bacterial population [30 ], and (ii) the multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) index of the isolates [31 (link)].

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Abdulhakeem M.A., Alreshidi M., Bardakci F., Hamadou W.S., De Feo V., Noumi E, & Snoussi M. (2023). Molecular Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Marketed Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus Sea Products: Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. Life, 13(2), 548.

Publication 2023

Agar Amikacin Amoxicillin clavulanic acid Ampicillin Antibiotic Antibiotic resistances Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Assay Bacteria Bacterial antibiotic resistance Cefotaxime Ceftaroline Ceftazidime Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Clinical laboratory Colistin Diffusion Ertapenem Erythromycin Fosfomycin Gentamicin Inhibition Linezolid Meropenem Moxifloxacin Nacl Nalidixic acid Netilmicin Nitrofurantoin Norfloxacine Piperacillin tazobactam Pristinamycin Rifampicin Susceptibility Teicoplanin Temocillin Tetracycline Ticarcillin Tigecycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim

Corresponding Organization : University of Monastir

Other organizations : University of Salerno

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Antimicrobial agents tested: amikacin (AK, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 10 μg), tetracycline (TET, 10 μg), ertapenem (ETP, 10 μg), fosfomycin (FOS, 200 μg), norfloxacine (NOR, 10 μg), linezolid (LZD, 30 μg), nitrofurantoin (F, 100 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NA, 30 μg), moxifloxacin (MXF, 30 μg), meropenem (MEM, 10 μg), ticarcillin (TIC, 75 μg), piperacillin + tazobactam (PPT, 75/10 μg), cefotaxime (CTX, 30 μg), tigecycline (TGC, 15 μg), pristinamycin (PTN, 15 μg), rifampicin (RAM, 30 μg), erythromycin (E, 15 μg), chloramphenicol (C, 30 μg), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (AUG, 30 μg), temocillin (TMO, 30 μg), tobramycin (TOB, 10 μg), sulphamethoxazle + trimethoprim (SXT, 25 μg), ceftazidime (CZD, 30 μg), ceftaroline (CPN, 5 μg), colistin (CST 50 μg), netilmicin (NET, 30 μg), and teicoplanin (TEC, 30 μg)

dependent variables

Susceptibility of identified bacteria to the tested antimicrobial agents

control variables

Mueller–Hinton agar/1% NaCl used for disc diffusion assay
Incubation at 37 °C for 18 to 24 h

controls

No positive or negative controls were explicitly mentioned.

Annotations

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