Serum cystatin C was measured from fasting blood samples by means of a particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay (N Latex Cystatin C, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA) using a BN II nephelometer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA).[19 (link)] GFR was estimated using serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, per the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation.[20 (link)] The urine spot microalbumin/creatinine ratio (microgram/milligram creatinine) was measured using nephelometry, with a ratio ≥30 mg/g indicative of the presence of microalbuminuria.[19 (link)]
Other laboratory parameters for cerebrovascular risk factors, including total cholesterol (TC, mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mg/dL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, %), and the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/dL), were also measured at baseline and the end of follow-up.[30 (link)] Changes in these parameters between the baseline and the end of follow-up were also calculated, and designated as ΔTC, ΔLDL, ΔHbA1c, and ΔCRP.
Other laboratory parameters for cerebrovascular risk factors, including total cholesterol (TC, mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mg/dL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, %), and the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/dL), were also measured at baseline and the end of follow-up.[30 (link)] Changes in these parameters between the baseline and the end of follow-up were also calculated, and designated as ΔTC, ΔLDL, ΔHbA1c, and ΔCRP.
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