Cell culture supernatants or sera were analyzed by ELISA for IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-10 (eBiosciences) and Rantes (R&D systems). A sandwich ELISA for mouse IFN-β was performed as described 46 (link). Cytokines from cell culture supernatants were quantitated using the Bio-Rad Bio-PlexTM Mouse Cytokine Assay kit. Transcript abundance of cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR using primers listed in supplementary table S1.