Diverse Bacterial Species Cultivation

The bacterial species used were Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 29906), Escherichia fergusonii (ATCC 35469), Escherichia coli HB101 (Caenorhabditis Genetics Center), Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 13525), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 4698), Staphylococcus hominis (ATCC 27844), Rhizobium leguminosarum (ATCC 14479), Raoultella ornithinolytica JUb54 and Raoultella sp. JUb38 (obtained from Samuel lab, Baylor College of Medicine), and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (ATCC 29148, obtained from Hsiao lab, UCLA). E. coli, E. fergusonii, P. mirabilis, P. fluorescens, JUb38, and JUb54 were maintained on Luria broth (LB) plates, grown in LB, and diluted in LB. S. hominis and M. luteus were maintained on tryptic soy plates, grown in tryptic soy media, and diluted in tryptic soy media. R. leguminosarum was maintained on Rhizobium X plates, grown in Rhizobium X media, and diluted in Rhizobium X media. B. thetaiotaomicron was cultured anaerobically in brain-heart infusion supplemented media (BHIS) as previously described [70 (link)], and diluted in BHIS. Growth temperatures were 37 °C for all strains except for the Raoultella strains, P. fluorescens, and R. leguminosarum (28 °C); and M. luteus (30 °C). Each species was diluted to 1 × 10⁸–1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL as measured by a Thermo Scientific™ NanoDrop™ One spectrophotometer before use.