Total mRNA was obtained from clinical fresh tissues or cultured cells using QIAZOL (Qiagen, Shanghai, China). And 1 μg extracted mRNA was used for Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis with random primers and Maxima First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara Bio, Inc., Otsu, Japan). Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions using the SYBR Green Master Mix (TAKARA) and LightCycler480II system (Roche). GAPDH used as the reference gene for NAP1L1 or HDGF or c-Jun; and the relative expression of RNAs was calculated using formula [30 (link)]. The primers were listed in the Supplementary Table 3.
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