ZnONPs dispersion with a concentration of 20 wt.% in H2O (Sigma-Aldrich chemicals no, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt) was purchased and kept in a dark place at room temperature. The package contains 100 g of ZnONPs in a form of milky white color dispersion in a dark glass bottle (Table 3). ZnONPs dispersion was diluted to 0.2% according to Fielding et al. [38 (link)] using 0.9% normal saline.

Specification of ZnONPs according to Sigma-Aldrich Co

CharacteristicsStructural colorAvg. particle size
ZnOMilky white≤40 nm (APS)
ConcentrationParticle sizeDensitypH
20 wt.% in H2O< 100 nm1.7 ± 0.1 g/mL at 25 °C7.5 ± 1.5
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