Investigating Neuromodulatory Effects on Pain

17-β-estradiol (E2; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in safflower oil to a
concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. CFA (Sigma) was dissolved in saline at a 1:1 ratio.
OT (Sigma) was dissolved in 0.9% sterilized saline to a concentration of
50 μg/mL. The OT receptor antagonist atosiban (Sigma) was dissolved in 0.9%
sterilized saline to a final concentration of 0.1 μg/10 μL. The
5-HT_2A receptor antagonist ritanserin (Sigma) was dissolved in
20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA, USA) to a final
concentration of 20 μg/10 μL. Intrathecal administration of 20% DMSO has no
significant effect on pain behaviors in rats according to our results^{41 (link)}
and other studies.^{42 (link)}