Serum levels of glucose (glutest sensor; Sanwa Kagaku, Aichi, Japan), triglyceride (Triglyceride E-test; Wako Chemical, Osaka, Japan), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA C-test; Wako Chemical, Osaka, Japan), β-hydroxybutyrate (EnzyChrom Ketone Body Assay Kit; BioAssay Systems, Milpitas, CA, USA), insulin (Mouse Insulin ELISA; Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden) and lactate (Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit; BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) were measured according to the manufacturers’ protocols [9 (link),14 (link),26 (link)]. Glycogen in hearts was measured as described previously [30 (link)].
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