Sugar Waste Biochar Production

To produce sugar syrup waste biochar, the initial step involves collecting and thoroughly drying the sugar syrup waste to eliminate all moisture. Next, the dried waste is combined with sulfuric acid [30 ]. To create the biochar, the mixture is subsequently heated to approximately 400 ± 15 °C in an oxygen-free environment, like a pyrolysis reactor. The characteristics of biochar include: pH = 8.15; ECe (dS/m) = 5.05; Ash Content (%) = 30; Volatile Matter (%) = 20; Fixed carbon (%) = 50; Total Nitrogen (%) = 0.11; Total Phosphorus (%) = 0.49; Total Potassium (%) = 0.41; Surface area (m²/g) = 300 and CEC (meq./100 g) = 425.

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Huang P., Huang S., Ma Y., Danish S., Hareem M., Syed A., Elgorban A.M., Eswaramoorthy R, & Wong L.S. (2024). Alleviation of salinity stress by EDTA chelated-biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize via modulation of antioxidants activity and biochemical attributes. BMC Plant Biology, 24, 63.

Publication 2024

Corresponding Organization : The Women University Multan

Other organizations : Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui University of Science and Technology, King Saud University, Saveetha University, INTI International University

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Combination of sugar syrup waste and sulfuric acid

dependent variables

Characteristics of the produced biochar, including pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, surface area, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)

control variables

Heating the mixture to approximately 400 ± 15 °C in an oxygen-free environment, like a pyrolysis reactor

controls

No positive or negative controls were explicitly mentioned in the provided information.

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