ATAC-seq was performed as previously described30 (link). 20,000 unfixed nuclei were tagged using Tn5 transposase (Nextera DNA sample prep kit; Illumina) for 30 min at 37°C, and the resulting library fragments were purified using a Qiagen MinElute kit. Libraries were amplified by 10–12 PCR cycles, purified using a Qiagen PCR cleanup kit, and finally sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 with 75 bp paired-end reads to a minimum depth of 30 million reads per sample. At least two technical replicates were processed per biological sample.