Patients who were 18 years of age or older and had a clinical diagnosis of CVA [Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2018 criteria (14 (link), 15 (link))] for at least 8 weeks were included. The diagnosis of CVA was made by a respiratory physician based on history, symptoms, signs, and pulmonary function test. The other inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: (1) <75 years old. (2) Any gender or ethnicity. (3) All patients signed an informed consent form. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Cough caused by pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial fibrosis, or other extra-pulmonary diseases. (2) Patients with known hypersensitivity to lidocaine, vitamin B12, or betamethasone. (3) Comorbidity, includes chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, neurologic, or other systemic disease. (4) Long-term use of oral glucocorticoids within the last 3 weeks. (5) Smoking within the past 6 months. (6) Pregnancy.
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