Antibodies against phospho-AMPK (2531) at Thr172, AMPK (2603), phospho-IKKα (Ser176)/IKKβ (Ser177; 2078S), IKKα (2682), IKKβ (2370), phospho-IκB at Ser32/36 (9246), IκB (4814), phospho-ULK1 at Ser317 (6887), and ULK1 (8054) were from Cell Signaling. Anti-PGC1α (ST1204) was purchased from Millipore. Antibodies against AdipoR1 (ab126611), AdipoR2 (ab77612), UCP1 (ab23841), and C/EBPβ (ab32358) were from Abcam. Anti-LC3B (L7543) from Sigma was used for Western blot, analysis and Anti-LC3 pAb (PM036) from MBL International was used for staining. Anti-adiponectin and anti-β-tubulin were kindly provided by Dr. Lily Dong (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX) as described previously (Alsted et al., 2009 (link); Meng et al., 2017 (link)). AdipoRon (924416–43-3) and 5Z (253863–19-3) were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company. IRAK 1/4 inhibitor I (I5409) and rapamycin (R8781) were from Sigma-Aldrich. 3-MA (189490) was purchased from EMD Millipore. Two recombinant mouse adiponectin (full-length and mutated C39A) proteins (ab62957 and ab94676) were purchased from Abcam. Mouse ST2/IL-1 R4 antibody (MAB10041) was from R&D Systems.