Metabolomics analysis was performed using a previously established method22 (link). Briefly, the metabolomics analysis, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu Nexera system; Shimadzu; Columbia, MD) coupled to a high resolution hybrid quadrupole-time-of-fight (TOF) mass spectrometer (MS) (TripleTOF 5600; Sciex; Framingham, MA) was utilized. Every sample underwent analysis via two different methods using either reverse phase and HILIC columns in both the negative and positive ion modes21 (link). High performance liquid chromatography (Agilent 1100 Series) coupled to LTQ-XL (Thermo Fisher) was used to analyze plasma levels of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine67 (link). Peak area of each metabolite, measured within the linear range of the mass detector, was normalized to plasma volume for each sample and presented as mean ± SEM.
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