Proliferation rates, which were based on cell confluence, were determined by live-cell imaging (IncuCyte ZOOM System, Essen BioScience, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), as described previously [32 (link)]. To analyze cell migration, the cells were cultured in 96-well ImageLock Plates (Essen BioScience) to reach confluence prior to wound creation. A scratch was made in confluent monolayers while using a 96-pin WoundMaker (Essen BioScience, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The cells were washed with PBS and then incubated using the IncuCyte ZOOM System. Cell migration was analyzed at 2 h intervals throughout the duration of the experiment.
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