The BG samples were ground to a mash using a mortar and homogeneously mixed. Then, a fixed weight of BG mash (1 ± 0.5 g) was added to 10 mL of distilled water. After mixing, the mixture was processed with ultrasound for 30 min. The extraction solution was filtered through Whatman No. 4 filter paper and a 0.22 μm syringe filter. The filtered samples were subjected to HPLC with an ultraviolet detector (L-7400, Hitachi, Hitachi shi, Japan). The samples were separated on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm, Waters, Milfor, MA, USA) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Distilled water and acetonitrile (88:12, v/v) were used as the mobile phase. The sample injected volume was 20 μL, and the detection wavelength was 210 nm [30 (link)].
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