A science librarian helped with a bibliographic search of studies published before June 2018 in the following online databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), HealthStar, and Psychological Information (PsyInfo).
The search strategy used medical-subject-heading (MeSH) terms and keywords related to a geriatric population (aged, aged 80 and over, older, elder, geriatrics, senior, Limitation: 65 + years), to frequent users (frequent users, frequent attend*, frequent consult*, frequent use*, high utiliz*, high consult*, high attend*, high use*, repeat use*, repeat, recidivist*, revolving door, misuse, hyperuse, super use*), and to ED use (emergenc*). The terms were also matched with Boolean operators (AND, OR) within the database. The search strategy can be found in the Additional file2 . To enhance the search strategy and examine additional sources, we included hand searching through reference lists in pertinent studies.
The search strategy used medical-subject-heading (MeSH) terms and keywords related to a geriatric population (aged, aged 80 and over, older, elder, geriatrics, senior, Limitation: 65 + years), to frequent users (frequent users, frequent attend*, frequent consult*, frequent use*, high utiliz*, high consult*, high attend*, high use*, repeat use*, repeat, recidivist*, revolving door, misuse, hyperuse, super use*), and to ED use (emergenc*). The terms were also matched with Boolean operators (AND, OR) within the database. The search strategy can be found in the Additional file
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