PLBs containing biotinylated anti-mouse Ig surrogate antigen were prepared following our published protocols7 (link)8 (link)15 (link)32 (link). B cells were firstly stained with Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated Fab anti-mouse IgG, Fc specific and then loaded to the chamber to react with surrogate antigens on the PLBs for 10 min followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation. TIRFM images were captured by an Olympus IX-81 microscope supported by Andor iXon+ DU-897D electron-multiplying CCD camera, Olympus 100 × 1.49 NA objective lens and a TIRF port. TIRFM image acquisition was controlled by Metamorph software (Molecular Devices) and the exposure time for 512 × 512 pixels image was 100 ms. Total fluorescence intensity (TFI) of BCRs and BCR downstream signalling molecules accumulated to the IS were statistically analysed based on the intensity and area by Image J (NIH, USA)15 (link)32 (link).
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