Cultivation of Various Cell Lines

The human embryonic kidney cell line 293T and the U87MG human glioma cell line were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). 293FT and Lenti-X 293T cells were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and Takara Bio Inc. (Shiga, Japan), respectively. The A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell line, PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line, NCI-H1299 human metastatic lung cancer cell line, Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, and CSC2 human glioma stem cell line were obtained from various researchers as described previously^{17 (link)–21 (link)}. The 293T, 293FT, Lenti-X 293T, U87MG, PANC-1, and Huh7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM; HyClone - GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). The A549 and NCI-H1299 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone). The CSC2 glioma stem cells were cultured as described previously^{20 (link)}. All media except that used to culture CSC2 were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Welgene, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea), and 10 μg/ml ciprofloxacin (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).