Fecal samples from a patient undergoing allo-HCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) were collected following an institutional fecal biospecimen collection protocol (12 (link)). DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples were performed as described previously (11 (link), 42 (link)). Briefly, genomic DNAs were extracted using phenol-chloroform/isoamyl alcohol and 0.1-mm zirconium beads and further purified using QIAamp Mini Spin Columns (Qiagen). The V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform (2x250). The paired-end reads were analyzed using the UPARSE and MOTHUR pipelines (43 (link), 44 (link)). Total bacterial loads in each sample were estimated by 16S qPCR (please see supplemental methods, Text S2, posted at doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7063823 for details).
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