RNA-seq was performed using TruSeq library preparation and HiSeq 2000 and 2500 sequencers (Illumina). All sequence reads were paired-end, and was performed using (1) total RNA and stranded RNA-seq [75 or 100 base-pair (bp) reads]; (2) polyA-selected mRNA (50, 75 or 100bp reads). Sequencing reads were mapped to the GRCh37 human genome reference by STAR44 (link) (version 2.4.2a) through the suggested two-pass mapping pipeline. Gene annotation downloaded from Ensembl website (see URLs) was used for STAR mapping and the following read-count evaluation. All the samples were sequenced with RefSeq coding region covered with 30-fold coverage ≥15% (median ± standard deviation, 37.2±7.5%). CICERO5 (link) and FusionCatcher45 ,46 (link) were used to detect fusions, and all the reported rearrangements were manually reviewed to keep the reliable ones. Due to the complexity of DUX4 rearrangements, some of the DUX4 fusions were manually rescued by checking the aligned reads within IGV browser47 (link). RNA extracted from flow sorted normal B lymphoid cells were used for RNA-seq and details were provided in our previous study48 .