The method of anthocyanin detection was described in previous studies (Xu et al., 2018 (link); Li et al., 2020 (link)). The method of proanthocyanidins detection was described in previous study (Li et al., 2018 (link)). DMACA, (−)-epicatechin and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde used in the experiments were from Bide Pharmatech. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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