Characterization of Arabidopsis Regulatory Elements

The 800 nucleotide sequences upstream of the transcription start sites of the promoter regions of LBD16, AHP6, GATA23, and miR390 were obtained from the Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) (https://www.arabidopsis.org/index.jsp). The cis elements listed in Supplementary Table 1, originally described in Dastidar et al. (2019) (link) and Cherenkov et al. (2018) (link), were identified within the gene promoter regions, classified in Supplementary Table 1, and represented in Supplementary Figure 2. The identification of genes encoding ARFs, Basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP), and Basic Helix–Loop–Helix (bHLH) family members, upregulated either in Arabidopsis galls/GCs or syncytia (Supplementary Table 2), was performed from the lists available in NEMATIC (Cabrera et al., 2014b (link)). Detailed information about their expression patterns in galls and syncytia transcriptomes, descriptions, etc. is provided in Supplementary Table 2.