Immunoblot analysis was performed as previously described (44 (link)). Antibodies were used as follows: anti-USP25 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA; ab187156, 1:1000), anti-APP (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA; MAB348, 1:1000), anti-Iba1 (Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan; 016-20001, 1:500), anti-GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 3670, 1:1000), anti–β-III-tubulin (Abcam, ab18207, 1:1000), anti-HA (hemagglutinin) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; H6908, 1:1000), anti-ubiquitin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; sc-8017, 1:500), anti–β-actin (Xmbcss, Xiamen, China; bc001, 1:2000), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 31430 or 31460; 1:3000).