Goldfish Carassius auratus (body length 6.8 ± 0.8 cm; mass 12.4 ± 2.1 g), an experimental organism, were purchased from Choryang Aquarium (Busan, Republic of Korea) and acclimated for 7 days in six 300 L fresh water tanks in the laboratory. The fresh water was kept at 19.5 ± 1.1 °C and pH 7.8 with constant aeration. Feeding was stopped 24 h prior to the experiment.
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