Longitudinal MRI and Cognitive Assessment

MRI scanning was performed at baseline and 2 follow-up time points (5 years, 9 years). MRI acquisition was based on 1.5-T Siemens Magnetom Avanto MRI machine (eTable 1) (van Norden et al., 2011 (link)). Age-standardised scores were used to compute a Global Cognition index score, (eTable 2) (van Uden et al., 2015 (link)). MMSE test scores were also obtained (Folstein et al., 1975 (link)). Dementia diagnosis was based on DSM-IV criteria as described previously and assessed up to 9 years (Table 1) (van Uden et al., 2016 (link)). Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia diagnosis was based on National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association criteria (NIA-AA) (McKhann et al., 2011 (link)) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Association Internationale pour la Recherché et l’Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria (NINDS-AIREN) (Erkinjuntti, 1994 ).