The detailed protocol for whole BM staining has been previously reported (Basso-Ricci et al., 2017 (link)). In brief, Precision Count beads (BioLegend) were added to 100 μl of P1 BM sample to allow absolute quantification of hematopoietic cell subsets, and red blood cell lysis was performed. The lysed sample was labeled with fluorescent antibodies for CD3-BV605, CD56-PE-Cy5, CD14-BV510, CD61/41-PE-Cy7, CD135-PE, CD34-BV421, CD45RA-APC-Cy7 (BioLegend), CD33-BB515, CD66b-BB515, CD38-BUV737, CD45-BUV395, CD90-APC, CD10-BV786, CD11c-BV650, CD19-APCR700, CD7-PE-Cy5.5, and CD71-BV711 (BD Biosciences). Titration assays were performed to assess the best antibody concentration. After surface marking, the cells were incubated with PI (BioLegend) to stain dead cells. All samples were acquired using a BD LSR Fortessa (BD Bioscience) flow cytometer after calibration with SPHERO rainbow calibration particles (Spherotech), and raw data were collected using BD FACSDIVA software. The data were subsequently analyzed with FlowJo software, and the graphical output was automatically generated using GraphPad Prism.