Medical history and a neurological and physical examinations was performed at the initial visit and each follow-up. A medical burden score was calculated as a sum of multiple non-psychiatric medical conditions, and included hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, COPD or other pulmonary conditions, thyroid disease, liver disease, renal insufficiency, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and essential tremor. Current depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 23 (link). The Disability and Functional Limitations Scale 24 (link), 25 was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living via self and informant report, as well as perceived difficulty with memory.
Neuropsychological measures included the Buschke Selective Reminding Test (SRT; 26 (link)), matching and delayed recognition conditions of a multiple choice version of the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT; 27 ), the Rosen Drawing Test 28 , a 15-item Boston Naming Test 29 , the Controlled Oral Word Association Test 30 , the Category Fluency Test 31 , the Color Trails Test 32 , and the Similarities subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised 33 .