Genome-wide DNA Methylation Analysis of Newborns

From either blood spots (ARCH) or cord blood (MMIP) collected at birth, the EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD) and the PaxGene Blood DNA kit, respectively, were used to extract total genomic DNA. Extracted DNA was then bisulfite converted with a DNA methylation kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA). DNA methylation was then quantified at >850,000 CpG sites via the Infinium MethylationEPIC (Moran et al., 2016 (link)) (the “EPIC,” Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), following the suggested protocols. The ARCH analysis was performed at Wayne State University, and the MMIP analysis was completed by the University of Michigan Advanced Genomics Core as previously described (LaBarre et al., 2020 (link); McCabe et al., 2020 (link)).