Frozen tissues were pulverized prior to protein extraction essentially as above. Total RNA was extracted using the Direct-zol RNA isolation kit (Genessee Scientific) per manufacturer's instructions. mRNA expression was detected as above. IHC analysis was conducted as described (13 (link)). Using antibodies purchased from Thermo Scientific (ESR1, RM-9101-S), (Ki67, RM-9106-S1) and Cell Signaling (pRb S807/811, 8516).