Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer (Thermo Fisher) including the following protease and phosphatase inhibitors; Complete Mini, EDTA free (Roche), Protease Inhibitor cocktail (Sigma), Halt™ Phosphatase Inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fischer) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails 2 (Sigma) and 3 (Sigma). Proteins were separated in SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane (Thermo Fisher). Membranes were blocked for 1 hour with 5% dry milk in TBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 at room temperature. Membranes were probed with primary antibodies overnight at 4° C and proteins were visualized with ECL detection kit (GE Healthcare) as previously described (16 (link)). ERβ was immunoblotted with two rabbit polyclonal (Millipore, GeneTex) and the 14C8 antibody (GeneTex) and recombinant ERβ protein (Thermo Fisher) was loaded to ensure specificity. Antibodies against RhoC, ERα, pAKT1, AKT1, GST, ELMO1, ROCK1, HER3 and GAPDH were from Cell signaling. Anti-β-Actin antibody was from Abcam and anti-GPR141 was from Thermo Fisher. All antibodies are listed in Supplementary Table 2.