Streptomyces scabiei 87–22 and its ΔcebR mutant [22 (link)] were routinely cultured in Tryptic Soy broth (TSB, 30 g l−1, Sigma-Aldrich) or ISP2 (for 1 l: 4 g Yeast Extract, 10 g Malt Extract, 4 g Dextrose, pH 7.2) liquid media at 28 °C under shaking (180 r.p.m., New Brunswick Innova 44 incubator shaker). Modified thaxtomin defined medium (TDM) ([25 (link)], without l-Sorbose) was used as minimal medium, supplemented with maltose 0.5 % (Sigma-Aldrich) in which cellobiose (Carbosynth) and cellotriose (Megazyme) were added as inducers. Sucrose was purchased from Merck.
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