Endocytic Pathway Inhibitors in Cell Studies

The inhibitors used in this study are as follows. Chlorpromazine and sucrose inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis; methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and nystatin inhibit caveolin-mediated endocytosis; rottlerin and NSC23766 inhibit macropinocytosis; chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 inhibit acidification of endosomes; cytochalasin D and CK-636 inhibit actin polymerization; nocodazole and vinblastine depolymerize microtubles. All inhibitors were purchased from Selleck (USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All inhibitors, except sucrose, were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Tubule-Tracker red kit and Lyso-Tracker red kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Beijing, China). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde (PFA) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Latex beads (1 μm) were purchased from Polysciences (USA). Mouse monoclonal antibody against clathrin heavy chain and caveolin-1, rabbit polyclonal antibodies against rab5, lamp1, and cathepsin D, phalloidin-iFluor 594 Reagent and Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (UK) and ABclonal (USA). Rat polyclonal antibodies against E. tarda have been reported previously (Zhou and Sun, 2016 (link)).