Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Cell-free supernatants from fecal homogenates were mixed with methanol, 20% (v/v) formic acid, and an internal standard solution (2-ethylbutyric) in a 38:46:8:8 (v/v) proportion. This mixture was used for SCFA quantification in a system composed of a 6890NGC injection module (Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) connected to a flame injection detector (FID) and a mass spectrometry (MS) 5973N detector (Agilent), as described elsewhere [24 (link)].
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