The determination of hydrodynamic diameter (DH = 2RH, nm) and zeta potential of ONu and DNA molecules, as well as their complexes with surfactants, was carried out on a ZetaSizer Nano particle analyzer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) [49 (link),50 (link),51 (link)]. The hydrodynamic radius of the particles (RH) was calculated based on the Stokes–Einstein Equation (1) [52 (link),53 (link),54 (link)]:
where k is the Boltzmann’s constant, T is the absolute temperature, η is the solvent’s viscosity, and RH is the hydrodynamic radius.
The electrophoretic mobility of the samples was converted to zeta potential using the Smoluchowski Equation (2):
where ζ is the zeta potential, η is the dynamic viscosity of the solution, μ is the mobility of the particle, and ε is the dielectric constant.
The experiment was carried out at an initial concentration of ONu equal to 500 µM and DNA equal to 10 µM and at sequential titration of these systems with surfactant solutions to obtain a certain molar ratio of N/P (nitrogen/phosphorus − r).
where k is the Boltzmann’s constant, T is the absolute temperature, η is the solvent’s viscosity, and RH is the hydrodynamic radius.
The electrophoretic mobility of the samples was converted to zeta potential using the Smoluchowski Equation (2):
where ζ is the zeta potential, η is the dynamic viscosity of the solution, μ is the mobility of the particle, and ε is the dielectric constant.
The experiment was carried out at an initial concentration of ONu equal to 500 µM and DNA equal to 10 µM and at sequential titration of these systems with surfactant solutions to obtain a certain molar ratio of N/P (nitrogen/phosphorus − r).
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