The following commercially available antibodies were used: anti-Rab5 (ab31261, abcam), anti-GABARAP for Drosophila Atg8a (PM037, MBL), anti-Drosophila LAMP1 (ab30687, abcam), anti-human LAMP1 (AB2296838, DSHB), anti-cathepsin D (sc-6487, Santa Cruz), anti-Brp (AB2314866, DSHB), anti-cathepsin L (MAB 22591, R&D systems)44 (link),63 , anti-Ref(2)P28, anti-elav (AB528217, DSHB), anti-ATP5α (ab14748, abcam), Cy5-conjugated anti-HRP (123175021, Jackson ImmunoLab), and secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa 488/568/647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), or near infrared (IR) dye 700/800 (Rockland). The following chemicals were used in the study: N-acetylcysteine amide (A0737, Sigma-Aldrich), N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (M6635, Sigma-Aldrich), putrescine (51799, Sigma-Aldrich), spermidine (S0266, Sigma-Aldrich), spermine (s4264, Sigma-Aldrich), bis(hexamethylene)triamine (421960, Sigma-Aldrich), DHE (D11347, Thermo Fisher Scientific), LysoTracker® Red DND-99 (L7528, Thermo Fisher Scientific), LysoSensor™ Yellow/Blue DND-160 (L7545, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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