All prepared extracts were chemically modified to lower their boiling point by MCF derivatization, based on the method published in Nature protocols (36 (link)). The volatile compounds were then separated by ZB-1701 GC capillary column (30 m × 250 μm id × 0.15 μm with 5 m guard column, Phenomenex, CA, USA) and detected by GC-MS (Agilent 7890B-5977A) with electron impact ionization via electron emission at 70 eV. The GC-MS parameters were operated following the procedure in previous research (37 (link)). The GC-MS inlet was set at 290°C with the pulsed splitless mode, 1 ml/min in the flow rate of the helium carrier. The temperature was controlled at 280°C, 230°C, and 150°C of auxiliary, MS quadrupole, and MS source respectively. The mass range was detected between 30 μm to 550 μm, with a scan speed of 1.562 μ/s and the mass spectrometry detector turned on after 5.5 min.
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