PFGE was performed as previously described (Beck et al, 2010 (link)). Briefly cells were embedded in a 0.8% agarose plugs (2.5x105 cells/plug), digested in lysis buffer [100mM EDTA, 1%(w/v) sodioum lauryl sarcosyne, 0.2% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate and 1mg/ml proteinase K] at 37°C for 48h and washed in 10mM Tris-HCl pH8.0 and 100mM EDTA. Electrophoresis was performed at 15°C in 0.8% (w/v) PFGE certified agarose (Bio-Rad Laboratories) with Tris-borate/EDTA buffer employing a CHEF DR III apparatus (9h, 120°), 5.5V/cm, 30-18s switch time)(Bio-Rad). The gel was stained with ethidium bromide.