CST axons were anterogradely labeled by a single injection of the CM-DiI dye (10 mg/mL in N, N-dimethylformamide) into the right-side motor cortex of P1 pups with the use of Hamilton micro syringe with 33 gage 30° needle. Pups were perfused at P3 with cold 1x PBS, brains with spinal cord were fixed in 4% PFA overnight, and 100μm sagittal cryosections were prepared along the anterior-posterior axis. They were mounted with Fluorogold anti-fade mounting medium then imaged under Keyence fluorescence microscope BZ-X700 with a Cy3 filter. Spinal cord CST axon length was measured based on the CM-DiI fluorescence signals from the superimposed images of individual mice (as shown in Fig. 5c) after the pyramidal decussation (PD) by using the segment line tool in ImageJ.