The female hAogen x male hRen (MDC, Berlin) transgenic rats (MDC, Berlin) were used as the source of rat AT1-AA. This model develops hypertension associated with the AT1-AA. On day 18 of gestation blood was collected and immunoglobulin was isolated from one ml of serum by specific anti-ratIgG column purification. AT1-AA was purified from rat IgG by epitope binding to the amino acid sequence corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the AT1 receptor covalently linked to Sepharose 4B CNBr-activated gel. Unbound IgG was washed away and bound IgG was eluted with 3 M potassium thiocyanate. AT1-AA activity was measured utilizing a bioassay that evaluates the beats/minute (bpm) of neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture3 (link),12 (link).